The Kingdom Monera

This kingdom is called Prokaryotae by some biologists.

Bacteria-like organisms found in environments that lack oxygen, are very hot and acidic, or have high salt concentrations. Some use sulfur as an energy source and live in deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Others use carbon dioxide and hydrogen for energy, producing methane. Some taxonomists assign this phylum to a separate kingdom or subkingdom.

Bacteria. Some contain chlorophyll. Most derive energy and carbon from dead organic matter; some derive energy from inorganic chemicals. Solitary or in colonies. Aquatic, terrestrial, or parasitic.

The cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae. Contain chlorophyll. Solitary or in colonies. Most are freshwater species.

Contain chlorophyll; resemble the chloroplasts of plants.