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by Tom Harris

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Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks article:

Harris, Tom.  "How Skyscrapers Work"  03 April 2001.  HowStuffWorks.com. <http://science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/structural/skyscraper.htm>  11 February 2012.
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Josh & Chuck explore zombies, mirror neurons and more »
Inside this Article
  1. Introduction to How Skyscrapers Work
  2. Fighting Gravity
  3. Giant Girder Grids
  1. Making it Functional
  2. Wind Resistance
  3. Vertical Variations
  4. See more »
    1. Onward and Upward
    2. Lots More Information
    3. See all Structural Engineering articles

Lots More Information

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Inside this Article
  1. Introduction to How Skyscrapers Work
  2. Fighting Gravity
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  1. Vertical Variations
  2. Onward and Upward
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    Skyscrapers

    This vibrantly designed, updated and expanded edition celebrates every facet of the skyscraper as an architectural icon.Few buildings rivet our attention like skyscrapers. As the race to build higher and higher continues, these symbols of success and economic power dominate and reshape urban skylines across the globe. Opening with Chicago s Reliance Building, built in 1894, and closing with plans for the London Bridge Tower, scheduled to be completed in 2011, eye-catching two to four page spreads in this up-to-date and comprehensive volume capture over fifty of the world s most important skyscrapers. Each building is breathtakingly photographed and an accompanying text offers intriguing historical details, notes on construction, and engineering feats. Tracing the evolution of these magnificent structures, Skyscrapers illustrates their significance not only in architectural history, but also as a reflection of humankind s most competitive and optimistic urges.

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  • Skyscrapers: Structure and Design
    Skyscrapers: Structure and Design

    Skyscrapers, ever taller, astound us with their immensity and beauty. Despite the challenges associated with their design and safety, there is continued growth in the size and number of tall buildings being built around the world. In this fascinating book, Matthew Wells, a practicing structural engineer, explains the principles behind the construction of skyscrapers and the ways they are designed to withstand such forces as earthquakes, high winds, and fire.Beginning with a concise architectural and cultural history of the skyscraper, Wells then offers thirty case studies of high profile buildings recently built  or under construction by some of the world’s most renowned architectural firms, including Foster and Partners; Zaha Hadid Architects; Cesar Pelli and Associates; the Renzo Piano Building Workshop; and Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill. Each is illustrated in color alongside accompanying text, drawings, plans, and details that show how the building is constructed and what particular innovative design features it incorporates in order to address such issues as sustainability, the needs of mixed-use sites, local vernacular traditions, and technological advancements in building materials.Skyscrapers features these buildings and more:• Commerzbank, Frankfurt, Germany• Petronas Towers, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia• London Bridge Tower, London• Turning Torso, Malmö, Sweden• AOL Time Warner Center, New York• New York Times Building, New York

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  • eVolo Skyscrapers
    eVolo Skyscrapers

    Established in 2006, the eVolo Skyscraper Competition has become the world s most prestigious award for high-rise architecture. The contest recognizes outstanding ideas that redefine skyscraper design through the implementation of new technologies, materials, programs, aesthetics, and spatial organizations. Studies on globalization, flexibility, adaptability, and the digital revolution are some of the multi-layered elements of the competition. It is an investigation on the public and private space and the role of the individual and the collective in the creation of dynamic and adaptive vertical communities. Over the last six years, an international panel of renowned architects, engineers, and city planners have reviewed more than 4,000 projects submitted from 168 countries around the world. Participants include professional architects and designers, as well as students and artists. This book is the compilation of 300 outstanding projects selected for their innovative concepts that challenge the way we understand architecture and their relationship with the natural and built environments. The projects have been organized in six chapters that describe the current position and the future of vertical architecture and urbanism. The first chapter, Technological Advances, is an investigation on the use of digital tools and computing fabrication. Ecological Urbanism explores sustainable systems, including new materials and clean energy generation processes to achieve zero-net-energy buildings. Projects that analyze the reconfiguration of existing cities and the colonization of new environments, such as underwater cities and floating habitats, are part of New Frontiers. The improvement of our way of living is the topic of the fourth chapter, Social Solutions, which is a collection of ideas that respond to social, cultural, and economic problems. A more experimental approach to architectural design is exposed in Morphotectonic Aesthetics, with proposals that use fields of data and self-regulating systems to respond to internal and external stimuli -the results are fascinating explorations of function and form. Finally, Urban Theories and Strategies is a group of projects that establish new methods to alleviate the major problems of the contemporary city, including the scarcity of natural resources and infrastructure, and the exponential increase of inhabitants. The eVolo Skyscraper Competition is a forum for the discussion, debate, and development of avant-garde architectural design in the 21st century. eVolo is committed to stimulating the imagination of designers around the world thinkers that envision the future of our cities and a new way of life.

    $240.00

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