Related Elements
Scandium and yttrium, although not members of the lanthanide series, are usually classified with the rare earths because they are found in association with them and have similar chemical properties.
Scandium, was discovered by L. F. Nilson in 1879.
Symbol: Sc. Atomic number: 21. Atomic weight: 44.9559. Melting point: 2,802 F. (1,539 C). Boiling point: 5,130 F. (2,832 C). Specific gravity: 2.99. Valence: 3.
Yttrium, in oxide form, was discovered by J. Gadolin in 1794. In 1843 Carl Mosander showed that the oxide identified by Gadolin could be separated into the oxides of three distinct elements—erbium and terbium as well as yttrium. Yttrium makes certain alloys stronger and is used with europium oxide to form the red phosphors in color-television tubes.
Symbol: Y. Atomic number: 39. Atomic weight: 88.9059. Melting point: 2,773 F. (1,523 C). Boiling point: 6,039 F. (3,337 C). Specific gravity: 4.46. Valence: 3.
