How to Find Orion's Belt in the Night Sky

Orion's Belt – along with another well-known asterism, the Pleiades, are mentioned in two books of the Bible: the Book of Job and the Book of Amos. Alfred Tennyson's poem, "The Princess" describes Orion's Belt as "those three stars of the airy Giant's zone." One Greek myth says that Orion the Hunter was chasing the Pleiades (seven sisters) on Earth and Zeus put them in the sky for safety. Orion is still chasing them there.

In Western culture, you may sometimes hear Orion's Belt referred to as the Three Kings in a biblical reference or the three sisters. In Chinese mythology, Orion's Belt is known as The Weighing Beam. The asterism is mentioned in other cultural stories and mythologies too, from locations as varied as northwestern Mexico, Finland and India. The Greek astronomer Ptolemy included Orion as one of the 48 original constellations in the second century.

You've probably seen Orion's Belt even if you don't know anything about astronomy. The constellation Orion is visible at night across most of the globe during the winter months in the Northern Hemisphere; during the summer months, it is in the sky during daylight hours when the sun makes it impossible to see. (These seasons are reversed if you are viewing Orion from the Southern Hemisphere.)

Orion's Belt is located on the celestial equator (an imaginary circle around the sky that is directly above Earth's equator), which means it rises high in the sky during those cold winter months with dark skies that are perfect for stargazing. Orion rises in the east and sets in the west, starting at mid-evening (midway between sundown and midnight). It rises four minutes earlier each day, or two hours earlier each month, according to EarthSky.

Orion's Belt is easy to find because it is bright, and the stars in the asterism appear to be equally distant from one another based on our earthly perspective. In fact, the stars and star systems that comprise Orion's Belt are light-years apart and far distant from us (between 1,200 and 2,000 light-years away from us). As humans, our love of finding patterns and organization is what led ancient astronomers to include Orion's Belt in one of the winter sky's most clear constellations.

To spot it, look for the hourglass shape of Orion and the three stars that create the narrow part of the hourglass form Orion's Belt. In late November, Orion appears to be lying on his side, with the three stars of the belt pointing upward, in the Northern Hemisphere.

Orion's Belt is a helpful asterism for finding the constellation it is part of, Orion, but it is also useful for finding other notable stars in the sky. There are three bright stars you can find using Orion's Belt to guide you.

First, you can use Orion's Belt to find Sirius, the brightest star in the sky. Sirius is just 8.6 light-years from Earth and sits in the constellation Canis Major, which is part of why it is sometimes called the "Dog Star." To find it using Orion's Belt, find the rightmost star in Orion's Belt (Mintaka) and follow the asterism to the east. Continue from Orion's Belt drawing a straight line until you reach a bright star – that's Sirus.

Another noticeable star you can find using Orion's Belt is Aldebaran, a red giant star located in the constellation Taurus. To identify Aldebaran, follow Orion's Belt in the opposite direction (from east to west) from how you identified Sirius. Aldebaran has a reddish hue to help you know you're looking at the right star.

Last, but certainly not least, you can use Orion's Belt to identify two other bright stars in the constellation Orion: Betelgeuse and Rigel. Betelgeuse, another reddish star is usually the tenth-brightest star in the night sky (it's also a variable star so it sometimes dims and loses that spot on the list), whereas Rigel is a blue supergiant and ranks No. 7 on the brightest stars in the sky. To find each one, look to the north of Orion's Belt to spot Betelgeuse, and equally distant to the south to find Rigel.

Note: These directions work if you are viewing Orion's Belt in the Northern Hemisphere, facing south.

Originally Published: Nov 23, 2020