Interesting Science Facts Confirmed and Debunked

There's nothing that raises the hackles of medical professionals like trying to explain to them the interesting "fact" that you don't want the flu shot because you don't want the flu.

Try it sometime. Tell your friendly public health worker that you won't get the shot, thank you very much, because all your coworkers "got the flu" after their vaccine. They will not appreciate this amazing scientific fact, we promise.

Then watch them turn a shade of purple as they explain through gritted teeth that while your co-workers might've felt a bit off after their shot — or might've become infected with the flu before the vaccine took effect — they did not get the flu from the shot.

The body can experience some really mild symptoms from the vaccine that are a distant shade of actual influenza. (Think muscle soreness or mild fever, and chalk them up to the body creating antibodies in response to the vaccine.)

You also can still get the flu if you're infected within a two-week period of the vaccination, or if you simply get an infection other than seasonal influenza [source: CDC]. But you are unequivocally not going to get the flu from the flu shot.

Have you heard that birds are living dinosaurs? It's true.

Birds evolved from theropods, a group of three-toed, hollow-boned dinosaurs including Velociraptor and T. Rex [source: Natural History Museum]. When dinosaurs became extinct about 65 million years ago, after an asteroid crashed into what is now the Chicxulub crater, only birds survived.

Have you ever heard (or said yourself) something like this: Out of nothing, there was an astoundingly large explosion and — ta-da! — the universe was created.

Unfortunately, that's not actually what the big bang describes. Rather, it tries to explain the expansion of the universe. It doesn't say how the universe came to be but what the universe did to become gigantic.

Although most of us envisioned the big bang as an explosion at least worthy of a Jerry Bruckheimer movie, we were wrong about that as well.

Sure, the not-even-microscopic center of everything inflated to an easily discernible size in less than a trillionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second — but no fireballs or clouds of thick smoke were engulfing muscled heroes who might've been around to dive out of the way [source: Khan].

Every year, baby sea turtles hatch on the beach and find their way to deeper waters. It's amazing to see, but how does it happen?

It turns out sea turtles use Earth's magnetic field to navigate the ocean. As they age, their navigation skills improve and their map of the ocean becomes more detailed. The ability to detect Earth's magnetic field is known as magnetoreception, and it's what allows sea turtles to return to the same breeding grounds year after year [Source: National Science Foundation].

We've heard it from moms, dads, teachers, doctors and — perhaps most tellingly — the dairy industry.

Want to be strong and tall, and boast the strongest bones and body on the block? Drink your milk.

As a 5-foot-tall (1.5-meter-tall) weakling who was forced to drink milk every day of her adolescence, it does strike me that this science "fact" is either A) not foolproof or B) an indication that without help from calcium, I might've topped out at 4 feet, 2 inches (1.3 meters) with broken fingers from moderately strenuous piano practice.

Let's ignore anecdote and stick with evidence-based study. Some scientists and nutritionists have argued that the U.S. dairy guidelines are overwhelming: 3 cups (0.7 liters) of milk or equivalent dairy (like yogurt or cheese) a day for anyone older than 8 [source: IDFA].

Researchers at Harvard and Cornell have both noted that increased milk intake didn't correlate to higher bone strength. However, be aware that plenty of conflicting studies do indicate calcium increases bone health [source: Kelly].

Some researchers even argue that people in the U.S., with their high-dairy diets, are actually victims of weaker bone structure due to the blood and tissues pulling calcium from the bones to counteract the high acidity in the animal protein of dairy in the human body.

Important to note? Nobody claims drinking milk will make you taller.

The Coriolis effect — which says Earth's rotation affects how we see the movement of certain objects — must influence the direction of our toilet water, right? It's perfectly logical that planetary rotation causes the water particles to spin clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, counterclockwise in the Southern.

Of course, you're starting to get the idea; this is another inaccurate science fact.

In reality, the Coriolis effect isn't going to make any difference when the force of the flush is so strong. Even the shape of the bowl needs to be accounted for [source: Scientific American]. Coriolis can noticeably affect giant things in Earth's atmosphere, such as the Gulf Stream, but not smaller phenomena like curveballs or flushing toilets [source: Boyd].

If you're like me, one of the scariest things about space is the fun science fact that gravity doesn't exist there. If you fall out of the International Space Station — admittedly, a strange thing to happen, but just go with it since you can't contradict my personal solar system phobia — you don't hit anything. Your human body just floats, forever, dead or alive, until you bump into an alien planet filled with mean birds. (Another phobia. Don't judge.)

But good news for those of us who fear our clumsiness would cause a literal trip into outer space: Gravity does exist in space! We're not saying that previous astronauts were faking weightlessness. Rather they were experiencing microgravity, or gravity that's quite weak in comparison with what we experience on the Earth's surface.

It exists in spacecraft orbiting the Earth's surface somewhere in the solar system because the spacecraft are literally kept in orbit by the Earth's gravity, which still exerts a power hundreds of miles from the planet [source: Glenn Research Center].

Just as you previously thought, if an astronaut were to slip on a banana peel in the space station, she definitely would not fall down. Instead, we're saying that microgravity is making her human body fall at the same rate that everything else is falling, around each other. Hence the floating effect.

The thought that lightning doesn't strike twice is lovely sentiment when grandpa is doling out folksy wisdom and fun science facts, but please don't rely on Gramps in a thunderstorm. In 2003, scientists found that lightning doesn't just strike one place when it hits Earth. On average, it hits 1.45 places at a strike [source: Goddard Space Flight Center].

The scientists extrapolated that your chances of being hit by lightning was actually 45 percent higher than the number of flashes, because it does hit in 0.45 more places.

And oh yeah, lightning definitely strikes the same place twice. Sometimes even thrice. Just ask the Empire State Building.

Ah, summer! That magical time of the year when your hemisphere reaches as close to the sun as it can go, yearning for a burning hug that's only slightly cooled by aloe vera. After a day at the beach with nothing more than one application of SPF 15, you might be cursing our planet for tipping you so close.

Because hey, we all know that's what summer is — we're leaning closer to the sun! In the winter we're leaning away from the sun. Voilá! SCIENCE.

Totally inaccurate and misunderstood science.

We are right in one respect: The sun is super hot. Yet at 93 million miles (150 million kilometers) away, it's not so hot that a little lean this way or that matters to us beach or ski bums.

It's not the proximity of your hemisphere to the sun that makes summer warm and winter cold; it's the angle that the sun's rays hit us. In the summer, the sun's rays hit right on us. In the winter, the sun's rays are slanted down, away from us [source: Library of Congress].

You won't achieve luxurious locks or manicured fingernails upon death.

A persistent myth states that all sorts of biological functions occur in our human cells for days or even months after death. There's some cool science truth to that. Think about the fact that for an organ transplant to occur, the organ can't immediately and utterly fail. Instead, the cells can thrive for hours after the more profound expiration of life.

Glucose ceases to be produced upon death, however, which does affect some new growth in human cells. That means that fingernails and hair — which rely on glucose for production — stop growing pretty much immediately [source: Hammond].

But do know this fun science fact: Because the skin retracts when dehydrated, it can absolutely appear that the fingernails are longer on a dead person or that more visible stubble is present, looking, for all intents and purposes, that hair and nails have been growing all along.

A lot of us can bring to mind the specific horror of watching a swarm of 8-year-olds devour cake, ice cream and candy at a birthday party.

It's not just the fear of rotten teeth or upset stomachs; it's the much deeper — much harder to treat — concern of the dreaded sugar rush. The one that causes manic bursts of activity. The one that leads to tantrum-filled crashes. Fun science fact or total fiction?

While it might feel inevitable, the truth is that there's no real link between sugar and hyperactivity in youngsters [source: Wolraich]. In fact, one 1994 study showed that mothers who thought their children drank a sugary drink were convinced the kids were hyperactive, despite receiving a placebo. The mothers who thought the kids drank sugar were observed, and it was noted that they hovered and scolded their children more than mothers who were told their children received a placebo [source: Hoover].

Since a cold is so easy to catch — and so difficult to relieve — everyone and their cousin seems to have a theory about how to get (or avoid) the sniffles.

Vitamin C is one of the most common. While there has been no conclusive test proving it helps prevent a cold, it can have an effect on the duration and severity of cold symptoms for the average person.

In fact, 1 to 2 grams per day of vitamin C were shown to result in an 8 percent reduction in duration of colds for adults and a 14 percent reduction in children [source: NIH]. So, it won't prevent the common cold but might help dry up some nasal secretions after the fact.

Being out in the cold isn't going to give you a cold (or influenza, for that matter), another fun science "fact" we've all been told at one time or another. In fact, being indoors is the problem.

In the winter, we're more likely to shutter ourselves inside and transmit our colds and flus much easier to those around us [source: CDC]. And while my mother might've tried to convince me that stepping outside with sopping wet hair would lead to the usual sore-throat-runny-nose business, that was probably no more than a bluff to get me to look presentable in public. Having a wet head will not give anyone a cold. Cool science fact.